The treated effluent then flows into a drain field, where it is filtered through the soil before being absorbed into the ground.
Advantages:

• Reliable, long-standing technology
• Cost-effective for most properties
• Simple to install and maintain if properly cared for
  

Disadvantages:

• May not be suitable for all soil types
• Requires periodic pumping and maintenance
• Can fail if the drain field is improperly designed or placed

   

Aerated Wastewater Treatment System (AWTS)

AWTS systems use aeration to treat wastewater more effectively than traditional septic tanks. The system introduces oxygen into the wastewater, promoting the growth of aerobic bacteria that break down organic waste more efficiently. AWTS systems are often used where traditional septic tanks might struggle due to poor soil conditions or high water tables.

Advantages:

• More efficient treatment of wastewater
• Ideal for challenging soil or site conditions
• Smaller drain field requirements
  
  

Disadvantages:

• More expensive than traditional systems
• Requires more maintenance and energy (due to aeration)
• Complexity can lead to higher repair costs if not properly maintained
  
  

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Septic System for Rural Properties

Choosing the right septic system involves assessing several important factors, including your property’s soil type, water table levels, local regulations, and the amount of wastewater generated by your household. Let’s break these down:

Soil Type and Percolation Rate

Soil quality plays a significant role in determining which septic system will work best for your property. The soil’s ability to absorb and filter water—known as its percolation rate—will influence how well wastewater is treated in the drain field.

Key considerations:

• Sandy soils tend to have excellent drainage and are ideal for traditional septic systems, as they can easily filter and absorb wastewater.
• Clay soils, on the other hand, drain poorly and may not allow water to filter through efficiently, which can lead to system failure. In this case, an AWTS system may be a better option as it treats wastewater more efficiently, requiring less absorption capacity from the soil.
• Loamy soils are generally ideal for septic tanks and can handle a wide range of wastewater flow rates.

It’s important to have a soil percolation test (also known as a perc test) performed by a professional. This will help you understand the drainage capabilities of your soil and make an informed decision about which system is best.

Water Table Levels

The water table is the level below the ground where the soil is fully saturated with water. High water tables—often found in rural areas near lakes, rivers, or wetlands—pose a challenge for septic systems because the wastewater is less likely to be absorbed into the ground properly.

If your property has a high water table, a traditional septic tank system may not function properly. This is because the effluent cannot be absorbed as easily into the soil, and it could lead to contamination of groundwater.

Options for high water tables:

• AWTS systems are a good solution in areas with high water tables. Since AWTS systems use aeration to treat the wastewater more thoroughly, the drain field requirements are smaller, and the effluent can be more easily managed.
• Alternatively, a mound system may be required. This involves installing a raised drain field that is elevated above the natural water table level.
  
  

Local Regulations and Permits

Local regulations will influence the type of septic system you can install on your property. Most regions require specific permits for septic installations, and they often have guidelines for the minimum distance between the septic system and wells, water bodies, or neighboring properties. Regulations may also dictate the minimum requirements for septic system performance, especially in environmentally sensitive areas.

Before deciding on a system, make sure you consult your local health department or environmental agency to understand:

• What types of septic systems are allowed in your area
• The required setbacks and installation requirements
• Any inspections or testing required before, during, and after installation
  
  

Household Size and Wastewater Volume

The size of your household and the amount of wastewater generated is another important factor in determining which septic system will work best. Larger households will require systems with a higher capacity to handle the increased volume of wastewater.

Consider the following:

• A larger septic tank will be necessary for bigger families or homes with high water usage.
• If your property generates significant wastewater (such as from a large garden, farm, or additional guest house), you may need to consider a more robust treatment system like an AWTS.
• AWTS systems are better suited for properties with higher wastewater treatment needs due to their ability to treat larger volumes more efficiently.
  
  

Budget and Long-Term Maintenance

While cost should never be the sole deciding factor, it’s important to understand the long-term financial implications of your decision. Traditional septic tanks are typically more affordable to install, but they may require more frequent maintenance and pumping. In contrast, AWTS systems can be more expensive to install and maintain but require less space and can function more efficiently in difficult conditions.

Maintenance costs to consider:

• Traditional septic systems require regular pumping (every 3-5 years) and occasional repairs to the drain field or tank.
• AWTS systems require more frequent maintenance due to the aeration component. This includes periodic checks on pumps, filters, and aerators, which may also result in higher energy costs.

Weigh these costs against your budget and long-term goals when making your decision.

Choosing the right septic system for a rural property involves considering many factors, including soil type, water table levels, local regulations, household size, and long-term maintenance. Traditional septic tanks are often the most cost-effective and straightforward choice for properties with good soil drainage and low water tables, while AWTS systems are ideal for properties with challenging soil conditions or high water tables.

Before making your decision, it’s essential to consult with a professional septic installer who can assess your property’s unique characteristics and guide you toward the best system for your needs. By carefully evaluating these factors, you can ensure that your septic system will provide reliable, long-term wastewater treatment, keeping your property and the surrounding environment safe.